In this article you will learn about the various Types of Justice in Political Science.
Types of Justice
- Natural Justice - The concept of Natural Justice is a very complex and broad concept which stands defined differently by different jurists, judges and philosophers. In British Jurisprudence, Natural Justice is a term used in Jurisprudence for the rule against bias and the rule which upholds the rights to a fair hearing.
As a general concept, Natural Justice means ‘Duty to act fairly’. It stands for the right to fair unbiased hearings, fair legal procedures, dispensation of justice objectively, impartially, and in accordance with the rules of procedure and law. It stands for right in which no one can be condemned without gaining him a fair hearing and no one is to be made a judge in his own case. The principles of Natural Justice are considered basic human rights and it always acts as a source of confidence in the fairness of the judicial system.
- Social Justice - Social Justice is taken to mean that all the people of a society are to be treated equally and there should be no discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, color, religion, sex or status. Social Justice is another name for equal social rights. It aims to provide equal opportunities to every individual to develop his inborn qualities. In the Indian Constitution several provisions have been provided with a view to secure social, political and economic justice.
Untouchability has been constitutionally abolished. The state cannot discriminate between citizens on the basis of caste, creed, birth, colour, faith, title etc. Absence of discrimination, absence of privileged classes in society and absence of widespread economic inequalities among the people are the imperative conditions of Social Justice.
Social Justice further involves the concept of Distributive Justice. Distributive Justice stands for the equitable, adequate and fair distribution of social primary advantages like rewards, incomes, benefits, goods, service opportunities, powers and honours. It is closely near and related to Social Justice.
- Economic Justice - Economic Justice is closely related to social justice because the economic system is always an integral part of the social system. It demands that all the citizens should have adequate opportunities to earn and get fair wages that can enable and help them to satisfy their basic needs and develop further. There should be fair and equitable distribution of resources and wealth among all the people and the gap between the rich and the poor should be minimised. The fruits of prosperity must reach all the individuals.
- Political and Legal Justice - Political Justice means giving equal political rights and opportunities to all citizens to take part in the administration of the country and all the citizens should have the right to vote without any driminations. Every citizen must have an equal right to vote and contest elections.
Legal Justice has two dimensions - the formulation of laws and then to do justice according to the laws formulated. Laws should be based on public needs and opinion. It must include social values, morality, conventions and the idea of just and unjust. Legal Justice means rule of law and not rule of any person. It basically includes two things; first that all men are equal before law, and second that law is equally applicable for all. It must provide legal security to all. Law does not discriminate between the rich and the poor.
All these above forms are interrelated and interdependent. Justice is real only when it exists in all these dimensions.
This article on Types of Justice in Political Science is contributed by Dipshikha Anand. If you like LawStudyPoint.com do follow us on our Twitter handle.