In this article you will learn about the Organs of Government in Political Science.
Organs of Government
Government is the organisation and agency and magistracy which exercises the power of the state over all its people and areas. The government formulates, expresses and enforces the will of the state. It is done through its three basic organs :
- The Legislature
- The Executive
- The Judiciary
The government makes laws, implements laws and enforces the laws. Garner says that, “Government is the agency through which the will of the state if formulated, expressed and realised.” Each government performs three basic functions : Law-making, Law-implementation and Law-adjudication. Accordingly, each government has three main organs :
(1) The Legislature, which formulates the will of the state i.e. performs the law-making function;
(2) The Executive, which enforces and implements the laws of the state i.e. performs the law-implementation functions; and
(3) The Judiciary, which applies the laws to specific cases and settles the disputes i.e. performs law-adjudication function.
The study of these three organs of the government of the state is very essential for every student of law and Political Science.
No study of the state can be complete without the study of its government. Government is the instrument through which the sovereignty of the state gets operationalised. In ancient times, the King used to perform all the functions of the government and all the powers of the governance stood centralised in his hands.
Gradually, however, the powers of the King got decentralised and these came to be exercised by three organs – the assembly of the representatives of the people or of some classes of the people; the executive – the body of ministers who initially owed allegiance to the King but who later on came to be responsible to representatives of the people ; and the judiciary – the body of judges, initially the royal judges owing loyalty to the King but later on independent judges acting as the protectors of rights and freedoms of the people. Consequently, the government came to be characterised by a tripartite division into Legislature, Executive and Judiciary and it continues to be the case till today.
Summary
State – Sovereign power of the State – Government of the State – The agency or organisation which exercises the power and authority of the State.
Three main Organs of the Government :
(Three main functions of the Government)
- Legislature : Rule-making Structure – Law-making or Legislative Function – Formulates the will of the State i.e. Laws
- Executive : Rule Application Structure – Enforcement Function – Enforce the formulated will i.e. Laws of the State
- Judiciary : Rule-Adjudication Structure – Adjudication Function – Realise the formulated will i.e. Adjudication of the Laws of the State
This article on Organs of Government in Political Science is contributed by Dipshikha Anand. If you like LawStudyPoint.com do follow us on our Twitter handle.