In this article you will learn about the various Kinds of Law in Political Science.
Kinds of Law
There are two main kinds of Law : International Law and National Law. International Law is defined as the ‘law between nations (States)’ i.e. the body of rules which guides, controls and directs the behaviour of the members of the community of nations. Whereas National Law, which is referred to as domestic law, is the law that exists within a particular nation (State). It is the body of rules which regulates the actions of the people in a particular society.
Now let us discuss several other kinds of Laws.- Municipal Law or National Law - It means the body of internal or domestic law of a sovereign state that is in operation in each state. It is the system of law which is being enforced by the state through its law courts. It is applied to all the citizens and the whole territory of the state. This law is made, followed and implemented by each state within its own territory. It refers to the systems of local laws at work within the national boundaries.
- Constitutional Law - The supreme law of the land is the Constitutional Law. It defines the role, organisation, powers and functions and the inter-relationships of the three organs of the government i.e. the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. It lays down the relation between the people and the government as well as the rights, freedoms and duties of the citizens. It can be called as the Law of the laws as all the law-making is done by the legislature on the basis of powers and procedures prescribed by the Constitution Law.
- Statutes or Statutory Law - These are the laws that are written and enacted by the legislature of each state. These laws are passed by the legislature in accordance with the powers given to it by the constitution.
- Ordinary Law - A normal law which is different from the constitutional law is called the ordinary law. This includes the national or municipal law. It is made by the government and it regulates the behaviour of the people. It also lays down the relations among the people and their associations and groups. Ordinary Law is classified into two parts: Private Law and Public Law.
- i. Private Law controls and regulates the relations among the individuals. It lays down the rules regarding the conduct of the individuals, his relation with others and guarantees the enjoyments of his rights and freedoms.
- ii. Public Law regulates the relations between the individual and the State. This law is created and enforced by the State on behalf of the community. Public Law is sub divided into two categories: General Law and Administrative Law.
- a. General Law is the law which lays down the relation between the private citizens (Non officials or who are not members of the civil service) and the State. It is also created and enforced by the State.
- b. Administrative Law is the law which lays down the rules governing the exercise of the constitutional authority to all the organs of the government. It also governs the relations between the civil servants and the public and also lays down the relations between the civil servants and the State.
- Ordinances - It is an authoritative decree or order issued by the head of state for satisfying an urgent need for law. It can be defined as temporary or ad-hoc rules of law which is needed at a time when the parliament is not in session.
This article on Kinds of Law in Political Science is contributed by Dipshikha Anand. If you like LawStudyPoint.com do follow us on our Twitter handle.
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Political Science